The psychological explanation of terrorism

Presentation Terrorism can be characterized as a demonstration of brutality, dread, or animosity whose goal is to accomplish pressure and dread in peaceful people. Be that as it may, there is no commonly acknowledged meaning of fear based oppression due to its expansive and broad application in various conditions and behaviors.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The mental clarification of psychological warfare explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, as indicated by the established significance given in the Terrorism Act of 2000 in the United Kingdom, psychological warfare involves those activities completed by non-state people with the point of affecting the government’s approaches and choices other than scaring the overall population (Randy 2004, p. 9). These fear based oppressor activities incorporate viciousness against people, harm to property, participating in exercises that imperil or undermine the security of others, and the uti lization of guns to compromise the State or its residents. Then again, fear mongering can be sub-separated into a few classifications, which incorporate psychological oppressor exercises did by systems and governments; non-state fear mongering, national fear mongering, and global fear mongering (Moghadam 2006, p. 18). Additionally, psychological warfare in general can be arranged into corrigible and hopeless fear based oppressor acts. Under corrigible fear based oppression, there is consistently a method of arriving at a trade off between the two clashing gatherings, in this manner finishing savagery and animosity. Be that as it may, under hopeless fear mongering, the psychological oppressor bunch utilizes maximalist approaches in assaulting their objective and the main answer for halting their exercises is to utilize power in containing savagery and hostility (Schmid Jongman 2005, p. 33). Hence, psychological oppression is a wide marvel that is driven by ideological (Political and strict), social, and monetary variables. Moreover, there are various kinds of brutal and forceful practices related with psychological warfare. Along these lines, it is beyond the realm of imagination to surely support the fundamental inspirations and determinants of fear based oppressor exercises. Moreover, there is no commonly acknowledged hypothetical and applied clarification of the inspirations and determinants of psychological militant exercises. Thus, numerous countries on the planet are compelled to utilize a lot of national assets in attempting to annihilate or forestall psychological oppression however with little achievement (Randy 2004, p. 12). In any case, numerous analysts contend that fear mongering has a mental premise as imagined in the psychoanalytic and the non-psychoanalytic hypotheses of psychological warfare. Then again, the adversaries of the mental cases distinguish a few entanglements of the brain research of fear based oppression. This paper inspects the pr eferences and confinements of the brain research of psychological warfare with the point of indicating that brain research can really clarify why an ordinary individual executes fear monger exercises against others.Advertising Looking for article on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The upsides of the brain science of fear based oppression Being a sociology that reviews human conduct, brain science has a great deal to offer regarding inspecting the inspirations and reasons for psychological militant exercises. Early examinations in the field of brain science of psychological oppression distinguish narcissism as a potential methodology towards clarifying the birthplace of fear mongering. Here, the defenders of the psychoanalytic hypotheses of psychological warfare contend that there is the need to create solid connections and associations with newborn children during the beginning times of their life expect ancy improvement. This guarantees the babies embrace all the typical phases of advancement other than sharing the sentiment of parental love (Crenshaw 2001, p. 21). This is the premise of the narcissism hypothesis, which holds that a newborn child who is denied of parental or cultural love builds up an adjusted mental self view, threatening vibe, and an unusual self-character that comes full circle into narcissistic wounds. These wounds make sentiments of outrage, brutality, and hostility in the influenced people who will in general invest a large portion of their energy attempting to dispense with what they see to be the reason for their internal torment and wounds. In spite of that the narcissistic hypothesis offers a potential reason for brutality and threatening vibe normal for some fear based oppressors, it flops in catching the conceivable inspiration of a wide range of savagery related with psychological warfare. Along these lines, current psychoanalytic investigations utiliz e various ways to deal with clarify the reasons for psychological warfare. In addition, most psychoanalytic examinations demonstrate that psychological militants select to take part in fear based oppressor exercises as a result of various reasons. Likewise, ordinary people become psychological oppressors in various manners and with various inspirations. Along these lines, most clinicians contend that in the journey to support the potential reasons for fear monger exercises, there is the need to separate between the inspirations for joining, being held, and disserting psychological oppressor groups (Schmid Jongman 2005, p. 61). Therefore, current psychoanalytic investigations propose the personality hypothesis as one of the psychoanalytic speculations of fear based oppression. These hypotheses were advanced by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) who in concurrence with other neo-Freudian analysts contend that the human brain and its related mental procedures are oblivious. In this way, the men tal procedure of life expectancy improvement follows a particular and profoundly sorted out method including a few phases that rely upon one’s youth wants (Crenshaw 2001, p. 405). On the off chance that any of these stages is overlooked, or an individual’s youth dreams are uncertain, the influenced individual turns out to be mentally distressed.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The mental clarification of psychological warfare explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the personality hypothesis, people who will undoubtedly execute fear monger exercises are generally youthful and lively people experiencing low confidence, which hence modifies their perspective in that they are happy to do anything which makes them regarded. In this way, the quest for self-character can make a typical individual powerless against turning into a likely fear based oppressor. Besides, psychoanalytic examinations show that there is nobody chara cter that can be utilized to recognize likely fear based oppressors. Be that as it may, most fear mongers share regular accounts portrayed by instances of mortification, youth misuses, and social shameful acts. These accounts might be the potential reasons for savagery and hostility executed by most fear mongers against their casualties. Moreover, the neurosis hypothesis holds that people with suspicious character difficulties create sentiments of doubt and doubt towards others and they will undoubtedly grow sick thought processes towards these individuals (Schmid Jongman 2005, p. 61). Consequently, as per most clinicians, these people additionally have explicit character traits, for example, energy searchers; activity situated characters; vicious and forceful characters; and social disappointments. These attributes are related with the expanded likelihood of these people arranging themselves in psychological oppressor gatherings to accomplish their noxious thought processes. Beside s, the neurosis hypothesis concurs with other observational examinations directed by analysts on psychological militants experiencing narcissistic character difficulties, which shows that fear based oppressors more likely than not experienced parting encounters before they chose to take part in fear monger exercises (Moghadam 2006, p. 20). Here, parting encounters involves the torment and narcissistic wounds that people are presented to before throughout everyday life. Thusly, these people experience the ill effects of a harmed picture of their own characters and inward agony. Within these people, the contention between what is acceptable and terrible is uncertain and in this way, one structures wounds that are externalized through reprimanding others for one’s agony, shortcomings, money related issues, and low confidence. Additionally, psychological militants will in general look at their internal shortcomings against the apparent quality and intensity of their foes and in t his way they will invest the vast majority of their life-energy attempting to decimate the inward shortcomings through hostility and brutality (Crenshaw 2001, p. 410). In particular, the conversations above show that fear based oppressors are typical, keen, and basic organizers of their exercises. This discredits any prospects of psychological oppressors being intellectually sick (Hoffman 1999, p. 337; Hoffman 2006, p. 409). In this way, there must be a main thrust that keeps psychological militants together in advancing their course while obliterating their apparent enemies.Advertising Searching for paper on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More One of the potential drives for psychological oppressor exercises is their political and strict philosophies. In most psychological oppressor groups, there are strict philosophies giving the ethical defense of fear monger exercises. Here, therapists guarantee that in ordinary social orders, there are decides and endorses that keep people from acting malignantly (Wilkinson 1997, p. 415). In any case, in specific situations, viciousness and hostility can be supported in the general public comparative with its ethical target as perceptible in the accounts of the Islamic religion, Christianity, and Judaism. In addition, the fanatic philosophies keep the fear based oppressors together in gatherings and any misconception, question, or infringement of the factions’ rules can compromise the group’s presence. Impediments of the brain research of fear mongering From the conversations above, it is significant that the brain science of psychological oppression contemplates the cond uct of psychological militants that can be credited to their demonstrations of savagery and animosity. Comparative with contemplates directed on the conduct of fear based oppressors, it is apparent that there are various sorts of vicious and aggressi

Baroque Period Paper free essay sample

Thinking back to the nineteenth century, the term was deciphered as excessively ornamented or overstated. This passionate, and misrepresented design lead to a separate in the liquid of High Renaissance style. A considerable lot of the Baroque characters from the initial segment of the period hail from Italy, including Monteverdi, Scarlatti, Cornell, and Vivaldi. Cantata, concerto, sonata, oratorio, and drama, were all structures related to Baroque music started from Italy. Despite the fact that this period Annihilated In Italy, making a national style, contrasts between countries are perceptible. There was a specific contestants of piece and execution among Italy and France.One of the major philosophical flows in ornate music originates from the Renaissance enthusiasm for thoughts from old Greece and Rome. Both accepted that music was an incredible asset of correspondence that could excite feeling to its audience members. Their way of thinking made authors mindful of the musics potential force and developed the conviction to their own structures. We will compose a custom paper test on Elaborate Period Paper or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Indeed, Claudio Monteverdi characterized a first and a subsequent practice. The primary practice comprised of agreement and antithesis which overshadowed the content. The second practice then again, comprised of communicating the importance of there words which outperformed some other concern.During the Baroque Era, the subsequent practice was all the more overwhelming in light of the fact that It utilized the intensity of music to convey. A few attributes that the Baroque music Included were, the timbre, the pitch and the presentation strategy. Pitch changed broadly at various occasions and in better places: the music recorded on a score may have sounded as much as a half tone lower than how it would customarily be performed today. Timbre is the consonant profile that comprised of string instruments, for example, the violin, Lola, and cello. The Baroque craftsmanship had such a sentiment of development, vitality and tension.Intense otherworldliness and authenticity are available. Rococo craftsmanship corrupted the Renaissance style of workmanship and was increasingly misrepresented. There was differentiate among light and shade, lines were typically diffused, shading was monochromatic and separation uncertain. The soul of Baroque workmanship added ornamentation and power to design and laid the roots too insurgency in music. In spite of the fact that the Baroque period finished more than 250 years back, remnants of the time can be heard anyplace and the soul of the stimulate, a faithful confidence In the intensity of music to contact people groups lives, changed music history forever.Baroque Period Paper ay blundered stir Period and houses of worship of northern Italy. The Baroque Period is a time of emotional Irish new style took over Italy and it spread out to the majority of Europe. The term Baroque music started from Italy. In spite of the fact that this period instated in Italy, making a difference of organization and execution among Italy and France. One of the major ere first practice comprised of congruity and antithesis which outweighed second practice was all the more ruling since it utilized the intensity of music to enunciate.Some attributes that the Baroque music included were, the timbre, the pitch and the exhibition procedure. Pitch shifted generally at various occasions and in better places; the music recorded on a score may have sounded as dial, and cello. The Baroque craftsmanship had such a sentiment of development, vitality and Indefinite. The soul of Baroque craftsmanship added ornamentation and life to engineering and laid the roots to a transformation in music. Despite the fact that the Baroque period finished over rococo, a relentless confidence in the intensity of music to contact people groups lives, changed

VQA

VQA I’ve decided I talk too much. I need to give some other people a chance, which is why I’ve been reaching out to others in the GEL Program lately for these blog posts. So when two friends in the GEL program told me they’d like to help with an entry, I decided to go all-out and get some video up in this blog. Joe ‘12, Kevin ‘11, and I met up to talk about GEL, IAP, MIT, and any other 3-lettered abbreviations we have in common. First, we’d like to introduce ourselves. Please excuse the rather, um, low lighting. Off camera, we talked about questions that prospective students or students interested in the GEL Program might ask, and we wrote our responses so that you can get several points-of-view on the same topics. Why did you apply to MIT? Joe: I knew I wanted to study electrical engineering, and MIT is fantastic for that. The general ethos I got from meeting with some professors (who I would go on to take classes from) was also very appealing. Maggie: I actually had a phase in high school where I thought I would never apply to MIT because I thought I wouldn’t “fit in” to such an engineering-focused institution. But I love Boston. And I loved my interview with my MIT EC. And I loved how Mystery Hunt was going on during my visit to campus. And I loved how people seemed to have true passions in what they did, whether that’s in programming or wooden roller coaster construction. I also loved that I could be on an athletics team or involved in a school newspaper with fellow engineers and scientists, not stereotypical “jocks” or students that don’t put academics first. And now I can’t imagine myself anywhere else. Kevin: So, I visited schools the summer before senior year, and MIT really stood out to me. I have to admit the academics seemed pretty daunting, but when I visited what really stood out was the culture. From the hackers scaling buildings under cover of night to the labs creating craziness in general, there really seemed to be a culture of It doesnt exist? Why not? Lets do it! And that I found really inspiring the idea that you can really do something with technology was awesome. I was told that learning to think like an engineer would be really useful and Ive always enjoyed building things / tinkering with projects, so MIT seemed like a great fit. Also Ive long had an interest in entrepreneurship. So, basically my criteria was: awesome engineering school where people do / theres a good environment for startups. MIT fit the bill and has really, really been both of those things for me. How did you find out about the GEL Program? Joe: At the suggestion of a friend of mine, currently a GEL2, I looked into the program and applied. Maggie: My advisor actually recommended it to me. The fact that someone personally brought up this opportunity made it seem like it was a good thing for me to explore. Kevin: I found out about GEL through some juniors and seniors that I knew in the program. I think I may have seen a flier, but I really dont remember. What I saw also was some of my peers who were working on really solid projects and really learning how to lead were also applying. Knowing that Id get to interact with awesome peers in a way that was outside classes really drew me to the program. Why did you apply to GEL? What attracted you most? Joe: GEL seemed different than most leadership programs programs that I frankly have little respect for, because they seem to conflate giving a pep talk and a pamphlet with training in leadership or management. The program, like MIT as a whole, places a large emphasis on experience and actually doing things. The [Engineering Leadership Laboratories, or] ELLs, and ESD.950 experiences Maggie talks about are not unusual or uncommon experiences highlighted to make the blog more interesting (well, maybe the LEGO airplanes are. Most of the time we dont get to play with my childhood toys) rather, they are the fundamental components of the program and the courses that comprise it. That learn by doing philosophy is probably the programs biggest selling point. Maggie: I have a good friend in the program who’s also a chemical engineer and I think that whatever she does is cool so I followed suit. I sat in on an ELL and was really impressed with everyone’s energy. People came right up to me and introduced themselves, and I thought These are the kinds of people I want to work with. The staff, too, is very committed to its students. They seemed to make the students more confident in their abilities. What surprised you about the GEL Program? Joe: It actually challenged me. Most of my classes have definite answers â€" with enough time and reasonable diligence, every problem set has an answer. Sure, you can vary your assumptions or the specific method you use, but at the end of the day youre arguing over degrees of rightness. Not so in dealing with people and projects. I was surprised by the level of thought and rigor that you can put into everyday interactions, and more importantly, how large of an improvement you get from doing so. Maggie: It’s the first time I look forward to working in a group. Everyone applied to this program, and so we all aspire to develop the capabilities of effective leadership, and group work goes hand in hand with these capabilities. I trust that fellow GELs will respect deadlines and deliver quality results. Kevin: What surprised me about GEL, though I suppose its probably a pre-requisite for entering the program, was the idea that you could actually learn how to be a better leader through practice. Like skills learned at MIT, its NOT something youre born with. In addition, the simulations in GEL are something I have taken outside to more real decisions. In starting my own company in college (doing laser-etched business cards) and starting a music club, I saw how much having a solid leader really mattered. Times when I fell short were often not even technical, but rather in terms of leading the team whether it was providing a clear direction, setting expectations, or really meeting the needs of team members (leadership is definitely a serving endeavor.) I remember back to a really big product design class; I was supposed to help create a backboard for mountain rescue (see: Fortrus, circa 2009). When I didnt really step up and demonstrate leadership in terms of getting the materials, my team couldnt help me build it. As we missed deadline after deadline (really just one of the main important ones), it became clear that we needed to step up. One of the things we learn in GEL is an urgency to act I ordered the materials we built it. It was a super-crazy 2 week race to the finish, but we got it done. Seeing how my classmates in the GEL program have done that in their organizations has inspired me to not let the backboard situation repeat itself, at least with the delays. Because the thing that I expected, but still never fails to amaze me is how awesome the people Ive interacted with in the program. They are students who are doing this so that they can really better serve their organizations, both in and out of MIT. So, in a way, the reasons that I entered have been beyond fulfilled, and though MIT often does that, it was most certainly a pleasant surprise here. Ive learned (and will continue to learn) lessons that I will most certainly take into the real world as I endeavor to become a no-holds-barred entrepreneur. ================================== Okay, this is a lot of content, so I’ll be back later to post a video of our conversation about some of our favorite GEL experiences! What a teaser!

VQA

VQA I’ve decided I talk too much. I need to give some other people a chance, which is why I’ve been reaching out to others in the GEL Program lately for these blog posts. So when two friends in the GEL program told me they’d like to help with an entry, I decided to go all-out and get some video up in this blog. Joe ‘12, Kevin ‘11, and I met up to talk about GEL, IAP, MIT, and any other 3-lettered abbreviations we have in common. First, we’d like to introduce ourselves. Please excuse the rather, um, low lighting. Off camera, we talked about questions that prospective students or students interested in the GEL Program might ask, and we wrote our responses so that you can get several points-of-view on the same topics. Why did you apply to MIT? Joe: I knew I wanted to study electrical engineering, and MIT is fantastic for that. The general ethos I got from meeting with some professors (who I would go on to take classes from) was also very appealing. Maggie: I actually had a phase in high school where I thought I would never apply to MIT because I thought I wouldn’t “fit in” to such an engineering-focused institution. But I love Boston. And I loved my interview with my MIT EC. And I loved how Mystery Hunt was going on during my visit to campus. And I loved how people seemed to have true passions in what they did, whether that’s in programming or wooden roller coaster construction. I also loved that I could be on an athletics team or involved in a school newspaper with fellow engineers and scientists, not stereotypical “jocks” or students that don’t put academics first. And now I can’t imagine myself anywhere else. Kevin: So, I visited schools the summer before senior year, and MIT really stood out to me. I have to admit the academics seemed pretty daunting, but when I visited what really stood out was the culture. From the hackers scaling buildings under cover of night to the labs creating craziness in general, there really seemed to be a culture of It doesnt exist? Why not? Lets do it! And that I found really inspiring the idea that you can really do something with technology was awesome. I was told that learning to think like an engineer would be really useful and Ive always enjoyed building things / tinkering with projects, so MIT seemed like a great fit. Also Ive long had an interest in entrepreneurship. So, basically my criteria was: awesome engineering school where people do / theres a good environment for startups. MIT fit the bill and has really, really been both of those things for me. How did you find out about the GEL Program? Joe: At the suggestion of a friend of mine, currently a GEL2, I looked into the program and applied. Maggie: My advisor actually recommended it to me. The fact that someone personally brought up this opportunity made it seem like it was a good thing for me to explore. Kevin: I found out about GEL through some juniors and seniors that I knew in the program. I think I may have seen a flier, but I really dont remember. What I saw also was some of my peers who were working on really solid projects and really learning how to lead were also applying. Knowing that Id get to interact with awesome peers in a way that was outside classes really drew me to the program. Why did you apply to GEL? What attracted you most? Joe: GEL seemed different than most leadership programs programs that I frankly have little respect for, because they seem to conflate giving a pep talk and a pamphlet with training in leadership or management. The program, like MIT as a whole, places a large emphasis on experience and actually doing things. The [Engineering Leadership Laboratories, or] ELLs, and ESD.950 experiences Maggie talks about are not unusual or uncommon experiences highlighted to make the blog more interesting (well, maybe the LEGO airplanes are. Most of the time we dont get to play with my childhood toys) rather, they are the fundamental components of the program and the courses that comprise it. That learn by doing philosophy is probably the programs biggest selling point. Maggie: I have a good friend in the program who’s also a chemical engineer and I think that whatever she does is cool so I followed suit. I sat in on an ELL and was really impressed with everyone’s energy. People came right up to me and introduced themselves, and I thought These are the kinds of people I want to work with. The staff, too, is very committed to its students. They seemed to make the students more confident in their abilities. What surprised you about the GEL Program? Joe: It actually challenged me. Most of my classes have definite answers â€" with enough time and reasonable diligence, every problem set has an answer. Sure, you can vary your assumptions or the specific method you use, but at the end of the day youre arguing over degrees of rightness. Not so in dealing with people and projects. I was surprised by the level of thought and rigor that you can put into everyday interactions, and more importantly, how large of an improvement you get from doing so. Maggie: It’s the first time I look forward to working in a group. Everyone applied to this program, and so we all aspire to develop the capabilities of effective leadership, and group work goes hand in hand with these capabilities. I trust that fellow GELs will respect deadlines and deliver quality results. Kevin: What surprised me about GEL, though I suppose its probably a pre-requisite for entering the program, was the idea that you could actually learn how to be a better leader through practice. Like skills learned at MIT, its NOT something youre born with. In addition, the simulations in GEL are something I have taken outside to more real decisions. In starting my own company in college (doing laser-etched business cards) and starting a music club, I saw how much having a solid leader really mattered. Times when I fell short were often not even technical, but rather in terms of leading the team whether it was providing a clear direction, setting expectations, or really meeting the needs of team members (leadership is definitely a serving endeavor.) I remember back to a really big product design class; I was supposed to help create a backboard for mountain rescue (see: Fortrus, circa 2009). When I didnt really step up and demonstrate leadership in terms of getting the materials, my team couldnt help me build it. As we missed deadline after deadline (really just one of the main important ones), it became clear that we needed to step up. One of the things we learn in GEL is an urgency to act I ordered the materials we built it. It was a super-crazy 2 week race to the finish, but we got it done. Seeing how my classmates in the GEL program have done that in their organizations has inspired me to not let the backboard situation repeat itself, at least with the delays. Because the thing that I expected, but still never fails to amaze me is how awesome the people Ive interacted with in the program. They are students who are doing this so that they can really better serve their organizations, both in and out of MIT. So, in a way, the reasons that I entered have been beyond fulfilled, and though MIT often does that, it was most certainly a pleasant surprise here. Ive learned (and will continue to learn) lessons that I will most certainly take into the real world as I endeavor to become a no-holds-barred entrepreneur. ================================== Okay, this is a lot of content, so I’ll be back later to post a video of our conversation about some of our favorite GEL experiences! What a teaser!

Theodore (‘Teddy’ or T.R.) Roosevelt was born on October...

Theodore (‘Teddy’ or T.R.) Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858 in New York City, New York. Teddy was the second born out of four children in his family. As a child I wouldn’t say he was the healthiest. He suffered from asthma and poor eye sight, which explains his glasses, throughout his childhood. Since he was sick all of the time he didn’t attend school, he was home schooled. His mom and sometimes aunt would be his teacher. His family traveled around Europe, while they were in Europe, Teddy attended Harvard College in Germany. There he met, fell ‘in love’, and married Alice Hathaway Lee on October 22, 1880. Teddy came back to New York where he became a Republican Representative to the New York State Assembly for three terms†¦show more content†¦There wasn’t any wars going on through his Presidency, it was a peaceful time. When his second term ended in 1909, Theodore took his ‘first’ retirement. The Roosevelt’s, didn’t go to a retirement home, they went out on adventures. He decided to put his life long love of natural history and hunting to use in a new place, Africa. In mid-1909, him, his son Kermit, and some scientist and taxidermist, set off on a Safari. There he spent about two years exploring and moving north. Until 1912, when he moved back to the United States, he returned to politics. He wanted to run for a re-election. He was aware once again that he might have a third term in the White House. A few months later in October, Roosevelt was preparing for a speech in Milwaukee; he was shot once in the chest. This didn’t kill teddy, just injured. The bullet was slowed down when it passed his thick speech that he kept in his breast pocket. After this Teddy lost his motivation and didn’t win the election. Then he finally retired for a second and final time. During his ‘second’ retirement, he turned his attention to making newspapers, magazine articles, and several books. He lived the life as a country gentlemen in Sagamore Hill, enjoying the company of his children and wife. Later in 1913 the Roosevelt family traveled to Brazil until they returned in 1914. Most of the Roosevelt’s retirements weren’t the most settled down. They always loved to explore and go on adventures. Later that year of august 1914, WorldShow MoreRelatedTheodore Roosevelt : President Roosevelt1564 Words   |  7 Pages President Theodore Roosevelt By Ryan Baglietto  Table of Contents: 1. Presidential Facts 2. Theodore Roosevelt’s Childhood 3. Education 4. Personal Life 5. Accomplishments 6. What do I think of President Roosevelt: 7. Presidential Picture 8. Bibliography  1. Presidential Facts: My president’s name is Theodore Roosevelt. His nickname is Teddy. Did you know the Teddy Bear was named after him? President Roosevelt was in office from September 14, 1901 until March 4, 1909Read MoreRoosevelt And Roosevelt s President Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the beginning of the 1900’s, Roosevelt became immensely favored and adored by the majority of United States citizens. After Theodore Roosevelt served his terms of presidency from 1901-1909, he declared that he would not accept a renomination for another term. With being in control of the Republican Party and also becoming quite favored, Roosevelt was able to name who his successor would be. With having being so popular and trustworthy, Roosevelt commanded the Republican Party to stay loyalRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt And The Roosevelt Center989 Words   |  4 PagesTheodore Roosevelt during his life would spend time in North Dakota to hunt buffalo and settled in a ranch there for some years as he found a renowned interest in the area he called his â€Å"second home†. In 2005, Dickinson State University (DSU) began to explore the legacy of the 26th President as a tribute to his historical legacy and admiration to the territory that the university resides today. As a result the Theodore Roosevelt Center was founded in 2007 at the university. In essence the TheodoreRead More Roosevelt Essay728 Words   |  3 Pages Theodore Roosevelt is said to have been one of the greatest presidents ever. Theodore Roosevelt expanded the role of the presidency into foreign affairs by using The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, this stated that the U.S. had the right to oppose European intervention in the western hemisphere and also to intervene itself in the domestic affairs of its neighbors. This was brought about when the government of Venezuela stopped paying their debts to European bankers. As a result EuropeanRead MoreThe Achievements Of Theodore Roosevelt1590 Wor ds   |  7 Pagespeople in American history is Theodore Roosevelt. He is considered to be one of the most efficient and successful presidents to ever hold office. The achievements that he accomplished during his life will most likely never be equaled. He went from being a husband and father to being a soldier to becoming president of the United States. Along with contributing to his time period, his legacy continued and went on to influence other great presidents. Roosevelt also helped society in general and pushedRead MoreRoosevelt Corollary Of The Doctrine1495 Words   |  6 PagesRoosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine Theodore Roosevelt, often referred to as Teddy was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, naturalist, and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. Born October twenty-seventh, 1858, Manhattan, New York City and died January 6, 1919 Cove Neck, NY. The second of four children, His father, Theodore, Sr., was a well-to-do businessman and philanthropist. His mother, Martha Mittie Roosevelt, was a SouthernerRead MoreThe Legacy Of Theodore Roosevelt1876 Words   |  8 Pages Theodore Roosevelt, born on October 27, 1858 on East 20th Street in New York City, New York, was a powerful man who had many powerful influences. He was a leader to a country, a son of two parents, a brother to three siblings, a husband to a wife, and father to six children. But before Mr.Roosevelt did have the chance to make his influences, he had his childhood first. As said before, Roosevelt was the son of two parents, Martha and Theodore Roosevelt, in fact, Theodore Jr. was actually calledRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the early 1900’s the president of the United States of America was a man called Theodore Roosevelt. Although he began his term as president with the death of President McKinley, his period in the White House turned out to be one of the most progressive periods in American history. His progressive policies influenced the direction that the country would take in the twentieth century. In the following paper I will explain several of Theodore Roosevelt’s progressiveRead MoreEleanor Roosevelt2144 Words   |  9 PagesHernandez 1 Hernandez 1 On October 11, 1884, a remarkable individual whom would later be considered one of the world’s most influential women was born. Eleanor Roosevelt was born in New York to her parents Anna Hall Roosevelt and Elliot Roosevelt. With her blue eyes and light brown hair, she would warm the heart of every individual she came across. She grew to be five feet and eleven inches, which to this day makes her the tallest first lady. With regardsRead MoreThe Legacy Of Theodore Roosevelt1001 Words   |  5 PagesTheodore roosevelt, I can honestly say was one of the the most influential and active presidents we ve ever been graced to have. Being the voice of the people, aided our country in environmental concerns, Excelling in foreign policies and winning the nobel peace prize. He had an incredibly fulfilling and prosperous life. Theodore Roosevelt was one of most dynamic Presidents in all of American history. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was born on October 27, 1858, in New York City, to Theodore Roosevelt, and

Clothing Stores E-Commerce Implementation Case Study

Clothing Stores e-commerce Introduction It is not easy developing an e-commerce business which will assess the determination and commitment of any person that has put up a business in the past. With 1000 dollars, the Clothing Store intends to build a domain and start on e-commerce. The e-commerce has only begun booming in the recent years, and has proved very successful. Among the businesses that started online is the eBay online supermarket. The most important part in starting an online business is learning the ethics involved. These include the methods used to get clients to your business and also the manner you secure their personal information. Having created a domain for the Clothing Store, which is not only an expensive process, but also time taking, selling it would be inappropriate for several reasons (Pelau, Bena, 2010). The domain name is usually tied to the business, and so selling it would be like selling out the company. The domain is also registered under the Clothing Store, and once sold, the buyer could misuse the domain, and the repercussions might fall back on the Clothing Store. The buyer should also be able to acquire his own domain, and so there would be suspicion as to why he wants to buy it. With the already set marketing for the Clothing Store, selling the company may mean losing client base. The buyer might only be interested in buying the name, and not the clients interest. This would be to my disadvantage because clients would build a negativeShow MoreRelatedBetter Implementation Of Online Tools For Dragon Star Gifts3991 Words   |  16 PagesBetter Implementation of Online Tools for Dragon Star Gifts to Improve Online Presence By Ashley Truax A Senior Project Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Online Campus November 2014 ABSTRACT The goal of this project is to help Dragon Star improve its business by improving the website, online presence, and use of social media. The research conducted for this project will include factors ofRead MoreCase Study Zara Analysis Mis3171 Words   |  13 PagesDjaky Agbadou, Nathalie Garro In-Class Case Study: 1 Introduction: Background Information 1.1 Company overview The firm Zara is a Spanish clothing and accessories retailer based in Galicia, northern Spain. In 1975, founder Amancio Ortega opened the first store in La Coruna, Spain. 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The Dilemma Of Euthanasi Whose Life Is It - 1165 Words

The Dilemma of Euthanasia The Dilemma of Euthanasia: Whose Life Is It? Andrea R Burroughs Ethics for the Health Care Professionals Dr. Ferhat Zengul November 8, 2014 Abstract The practice of euthanasia is one of the most debatable topics in many countries today. It’s been a pertinent issue in human rights because it affects both legal and ethical issues. This paper will include an overview and clarification of the euthanasia issue. It will also include legal and ethical debates that many people are discussing. It focuses on both the supporters and opposers of this practice. Euthanasia exists in four categories: active, passive, voluntary and involuntary. Key words: euthanasia, ethics, legal, human rights†¦show more content†¦General Information Euthanasia is the act of ending an individuals’ life to relive any associated pain and suffering. This particular section will discuss the origination of euthanasia, provide real-life examples of euthanasia and discuss the various classifications of euthanasia. It will also discuss alternatives that can be used. History The term â€Å"euthanasia† is derived from Greek, literally meaning â€Å"good death† (Ebrahimi,2012). However, it refers to ending an individual’s life who is experiencing pain and suffering. For this reason euthanasia was given the name â€Å"mercy killer.† Good death,in this case, refers to a painless death. All painless deaths aren’t necessarily euthanasia. It only occurs when another individual directly causes the death another person. There are two cases that are closely related to this topic and they are linked to each other in various similar ways. In early February 1990, Terri Schiavo suffered a heart attack, that left severe brain damage. Later that year, around late December 1990, Nancy Cruzan died. She too was severely brain damage after being in a vegetative state from an automobile accident years before. Cruzan didn’t die on her own; however her parents and sister had the feeding tube that was keeping her alive removed. Eventually the case against the state of Missouri and the Cruzans would earn public recognition and go to the Supreme

Social Work as a Career free essay sample

Career Goals According to the National Association of Social Workers website, Social Justice is the foundation of Social Work’s unique purpose and perspective representing one of its core values. (www. socialworkers. org) Embedded in social justice is economic justice and the two existing without one another is the fundamental attention Social Workers promote on behalf of clients surrounding environmental forces that create and contribute problems in living beginning the process of equal economic, political and social rights with opportunity. Social Workers open the door to those greatest in need conveying the message of person in their environment developing personal and social responsibilities using institutions as a tool. Institutions that provide wages from work; institutions for exchanging goods and services; along with those institutions that are void of economic gain such as schools, hospitals and detention centers increasing the need for experienced professionals. (www. socialworkers. org) Becoming a School Social Worker I can address what I view as an imbalance of social and economic justice in the school system. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work as a Career or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Like special education labels, inferior educational tools and resources, limited extracurricular activities, lack of empathy, and an environment where parents relinquish parental power to school administrators; resulting in students lacking self-motivation and parents lacking a support system on motivating their children who may be experiencing social, emotional, and behavioral problems that impede learning. I would like to develop a program that teach parents adaptation skills learning that parenting does not have to be one size fits all. There needs to be a paradigm shift in the roles and expectations of the school, the parent and the student to eradicate some of the social and economic justice inequities that exist. The United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that employment of social workers is expected to grow by 25 percent from 2010 to 2020, faster than the average for all occupations. Growth will be due to an increase in demand for health care and social services but will vary by specialty. (www. bls. gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/social-workers. tm) Comparing those statistics to other professional fields of study gives me comfort and confirmation that my choice to pursue this professional degree is a decision in the right direction. Positively impacting the community I’ll serve. Â  Bureau of Labor Statistics

The oil spill in the Golf of Mexico

Introduction The USA oil is drilled from the sea. This is done at the Gulf of Mexico. Considering that this calls for pipe connections to be able to distribute and get that oil to the people. The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was out of a leakage from one of the oil well. The oil spill was as a result of an explosion during the sinking of a new oil well in the Gulf of Mexico.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The oil spill in the Golf of Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A report by the government indicated that it was out of subsequence leakages due to ruptured pipes which resulted to an explosion. There was effort made to try and close the emergency valve which failed. The explosion consequently led to the sinking of an oil rig1. This caused an increased leakage of oil which was out of the hands of the engineers. Considering that the wells are made in the sea and there is a lot of pressure from the surrou nding waters it ought to be professionally done. This in its nature made the control of the situation more complicated. The spillage cover was extensive above 39 miles along the Mexican gulf coastline. Environmental impacts of the spillage Having three things in place, the leakage of the oil, the explosion and the sinking of the oil rig, this made a tremendous spread of the oil in the Gulf. Though efforts were made to clean out the spillage it’s less possible to wash the oil off the rock. In the gulfs the oil has spread and it is now floating into the wetlands. This is possible to holds toxins from this oil for years. The mangroves along the coastland which act as a filter to the coast waters are endangered in that the oil is toxic to them which will adversely affect these plants and all the inhabitants of the mangrove forest. This speaks danger to the wetland animals. Considering that this is their nesting periods that is the time for hatching and rearing. This means there m ight be an extinction of species which hatch in these wetlands and also the species that are only found in the Mexican gulf. Taking an example of alligators which are preparing to reproduce, their young animals will be put into contact with toxic oil. This will also forced move through the oily waters in search for food. The oil spillage will harm most of the sea animals present in the affected areas. They include the bird species which are aquatic, species of fish and turtles. The wetlands are favorable place for nesting which is the periods of reproduction and multiplication of the sea animals2.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The burning of the oil in the sea to clew up the sea is a goods idea but somewhat it may not work especially if the oil mixes with water. It also a hazard to the environmental for it release a lot of carbon dioxide and other chemical in the air. This has been wh at we have been fighting in order to maintain the o-zone layer. This is not the best way out to cleaning the sea. Economic impacts of the oil spillage According to some of the officials of the state and those of the oil company it interpreted means loss of approximately 200 thousands jobs will represents $11 billion in the economy. The BP ought to compensate the families of those who died in the explosion as well as those who lost their way of earning a living. In additional to this the clean up will also cost. This is a lot of out put considering that there is no much input3. The people who have lost their jobs mean that they will have to streamline their expenses which have an impact on the general economy considering they are a large group of people. This great numbers that loose the employment may impose a big responsibility to the housing department especially in their effort to recover the house from most of these employees due to lose of their jobs. The spillage also locks ou t tourists from the beaches where they have enjoyed meaning reduced income from the tourism sector. The wetlands are high economy movers through local or internal tourism in the USA. The spillage affected the wetlands interfering with tourist site and a place of interest to sun worshippers. The wetlands are good sporting grounds with the spillage this closes out the accessibility of the wetland for sporting. The oil spill will automatically destroy the way of life of the commercial fishermen. The interference with the normal life cycle of the aquatic life brings about a generational gap which may result to other gaps in future. This would be a big blow to fishermen. This would be in response to the destruction of the Blue fin Tuna which are predominantly found in the Mexican gulf. It also includes the nesting young ones that die in the oil spills and those mature aquatic animals which are not able to salvage their lives. Conclusion Though effort was made to prevent the spillage from reaching the coastland; which is dominated by mangroves and a home for many aquatic animals and birds nothing much was accomplished. The environmental and economical impacts of this oil spillage are not only instant but they be felt even times to come. Bibliography Boosharticles. Mexican Gulf Oil Spill Threats Ecological System, 2010. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The oil spill in the Golf of Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rioux, Paul. Gulf of Mexico oil spill’s environmental impact expected to be profound, long-lasting. The Times-Picayune; 2010. Web. Young, Jennifer. The Potential Economic Impact of the Oil Spillage, 2010. Web. Footnotes 1 Boosharticles. Mexican Gulf Oil Spill Threats Ecological System. 2 Paul, Rioux,.Gulf of Mexico oil spill’s environmental impact expected to be profound. 3 Jennifer, Young. The Potential Economic Impact of the Oil Spillage. This essay on The oil spill in the Golf of Mexico was written and submitted by user F1sher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Valuable 3000 Word Essay Assistance

Valuable 3000 Word Essay Assistance 3000 word essay CONTENTS: Consider the Following Tips on 3000 Word Essay Writing Sample  on  3000 Word Essay What is the best tool of completing papers? It is an expiring deadline. Nevertheless, you should not get into a panic. We will help you go through the writing process and prepare a superior 3000 word essay. When students get their assignments, they think that they will do them step by step every day. However, due to a great deal of work to do, learners put producing their papers aside. Then, they realize that only a few hours are left to prepare your piece of writing. Moreover, it has to be produced in the best way. It is obvious that you should do your assignment beforehand. Nonetheless, if you have faced such a situation, you should adhere to helpful guidelines to do everything properly. Consider the Following Tips on 3000 Word Essay Writing Introductory Section It is sometimes very hard to write an introduction as it is the first paragraph. However, if you produce a clear outline, you will know what to do and how. When writing an introductory paragraph, you should present the topic of your 3000 words essay. You may also provide a few details about the analyzed issue. Moreover, it is necessary to formulate the main idea and show how you are going to explore it. Research Stage The next step is to collect material on the examined matter. When writing an essay it is very helpful to use quotes to support the stated facts. You should set a time frame for researching the issue. The point is that there is a large amount of information on the web. Thus, it is very easy to get confused and spend much time gathering unnecessary facts. You should pick some keywords for making online search efficiently. Furthermore, you need to fix time for looking through journals and collecting useful material for college papers. You may also use online books to find suitable quotations. It will save you much time as not every student may sit for hours reading long paragraphs to find great ideas for the paper. Remember to indicate all the used sources in order not to be accused of plagiarism. Make a proper reference page. When producing your college essay, you may use quotes of different scholars. Then, you should indicate the source containing particular citations in your references. Thus, it will be clear that you take the assignment seriously. Writing Process When essay preparation is completed, it is high time to start typing your paper. Do not forget to stick to the word count stated in the assignment. It is very useful to have a little rest during the writing procedure. Therefore, you will be able to express your thoughts clearly. As to the writing style, you should not worry about it. You can make all the necessary changes later. You should use the gathered facts to support your ideas. Take a close look at the essay outline to make sure that you will not miss any points. When an essay introduction is written, you should begin producing the following section. There is no need to panic if you cannot reach the required word limit. Check whether you have provided enough arguments to support the presented ideas. Have you missed anything? Then, you should continue researching the issue. If your body paragraphs provide enough information on the analyzed subject, you will easily reach the word count. Essay Editing Make sure that you have discussed the issue fully. Check whether the presented ideas are supported by sound arguments. Thus, you will not encounter any difficulties with writing a good essay conclusion. In addition, you need to find out whether your thoughts are expressed logically. Are there easy transitions between the paragraphs? Check the paper for spelling and grammar mistakes. Some students decide to skip this step. They do not understand that their grade depends on these items as well as on the content of the work. You do want to get an excellent grade for your piece of writing. Therefore, you should not neglect it. You should not leave preparing your 3000 word essay till the last moment. It may happen that you will not be able to produce a work of outstanding quality. However, the handy tips given above will help you write an exclusive paper and get the desired grade. Thus, you will not have to ask your professor to extend the deadline.Writing a 3000-Word Essay without Problems Undoubtedly, writing a 3000-word essay is a particularly challenging and time-consuming process that requires maximum attention. Usually, such projects are assigned at the end of courses to check the knowledge and skills of the student attained throughout the semester. Many students reasonably consider this task as very complex since a lot of aspects including the content, the formatting, grammar, and many others, should be taken into consideration. What if we tell you that writing a 3000-word essay can be very easy? The following article will teach you how to write a brilliant paper. Simple Steps of the Writing Process Having a good plan is a must to write a perfect 3000-word essay. As such, you have to take this assignment very seriously and start preparing it once you receive the topic. Remember that procrastination will reduce your chances to get the desired grade. Also, you need to take care of lowering your stress by taking all the distractors away. To feed your brain, try to eat only healthy food such as nuts, coconut, bananas, oatmeal, etc. The researchers have already proved that heavy food does not allow to concentrate on the writing process properly. Choose a good place for work. This place should be quiet and have a minimum of distractors. If you cannot work at home properly, you can do it in the library or school. We assure you that choosing the place that is not comfortable enough will contribute to fast tiring and losing the focus. As it was already mentioned, distractors are inhibitors of your progress. Undoubtedly, the Internet can be considered as the most serious distractor since it takes much time and brings no positive outcome. As such, if you want to get a positive grade for your 3000-word essay, you need to forget about chatting with your friends or scrolling your Instagram feed. Instead, you have to focus on your topic. If you have only a few days to complete your assignment, time-management is an inevitable instrument that will allow you to do it effortlessly. As such, you need to create a plan with your short-term goals and follow it point by point. This plan should also include coffee breaks because, like any other human, you need to have some rest. If you are allowed to choose the topic, take it seriously. Undoubtedly, a 3000-word paper is an extremely serious task, so you should take care of every its detail, especially the topic. As such, it should be relevant to your discipline and interesting to your reader. Conduct some research. When the topic is chosen, make sure to find good sources related to it. Working with them, you need to write down all bibliographical details because you will have to mention all sources mentioned in your reference page. Undoubtedly, the research may take some time, but you should not neglect this stage since it is particularly important for writing a good paper. Write an outline. When the research is done, you already know how you will organize your essay. Create the outline and it will help you not to miss the important points. Organize your essay properly. The organization of the essay depends on the type of the paper, formatting style required, and many other aspects. However, almost all essays should have three major parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. An introduction should clearly demonstrate the scope of your research. Introduce your topic to your reader and make sure it is interesting and engaging. Moreover, an introduction also contains a thesis statement. It is the most meaningful sentence that makes a claim that will be proved or disapproved in your paper. The introduction is usually followed by the body. The body of your paper is a part in which you demonstrate your understanding of the topic, as well as describe the process of research. It consists of a few meaningful paragraphs and each of them should be dedicated to one sub-topic. A conclusion is a part, in which you need to restate the key theses and claims discovered in your essay. A good conclusion also outlines the scope for further research.

Personal Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Personal Analysis - Essay Example In taking such undertakings, such an individual totally gains the approval as well as the confidence of his subjects. In this regard, the author elucidates that a promoter is someone who can very easily persuade people in many ways (Keirsey, 298). In such situations, people often come to terms easily with whatever proposals made, or whatever contributions made by the said individual. Relevant to persuasion, a promoter depicts several other qualities involving trustworthiness, positiveness, confidence, faithfulness as well as surety. In addition to persuasion, it is important to note that promoters are always outgoing, wise and very attentive, as well as respects the rule of law. People always find promoters very dependable. Promoters always take their time with people. They are always very sociable and easy to mingle with as well as easy to understand. All these qualities describe that of promoters. I always take great interest in people, perhaps the reason other people find me warm, sociable and interesting. While I take time alone sometimes, I spend much more of my time being with people, talking to them and trying to bring out the best in them. It hardly goes without my notice when a friend or close acquaintance is in a bad or good mood. In addition, I always take no pride seeing my people suffer. In such a case, I always offer my assistance as much as possible. Other than being with people, I am also quite dependable. In this regard, I take my work seriously and often focus on the details maintaining warmth and energy. Perhaps it is for this reason that in many occasions I find myself being chosen as a team leader. I have what it takes to ensure that things get done the right way. I also generally like to be in control and will give my opinion without fearing, no wonder some people consider me manipulative. As an aspiring person, I always concentrate on developing several skills to meet the demands of people within the

Corporate Finance System of Vodafone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Corporate Finance System of Vodafone - Essay Example Figure 10 Dividend payment of Vodafone as a percentage of net profit/loss (Source: Money.CNN.com) Figure 11 Dividend payment of AT&T as a percentage of net profit/loss (Source: Money.CNN.com) Figure 12 Dividend payment of Verizon & BT as a percentage of net profit/loss (Source: Money.CNN.com) Figure 13 Total Current Assets of Vodafone (Source: CNN Money) Figure 14 Total Current Liabilities of Vodafone (Source: CNN Money) Figure 15 Current Ratio of Vodafone Figure 16 Cash Ratio of Vodafone Figure 17 Total Assets and Total Liabilities of Vodafone (Source: CNN Money) Figure 18 Vodafone's withdrawal from committed facilities in 2004, 2005 and 2006 (Source: Vodafone Annual Report 2008. pp57) 1.0 Executive Summary This report is a comprehensive analysis of the corporate finance system of Vodafone. The analytics presented here is based on the published information by Vodafone on their corporate website and independent market information about the organisation from global financial analysis organisations. Overall, Vodafone is a large group with multiple legal entities. However, the CEOs of all the legal entities report to the group Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) manages consolidated finance for the group. The analysis presented herewith is pertaining to the consolidated finance of entire group and not of their individual legal entities. The entire analysis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the background information about the company whereby their corporate objectives, details about finance division, sources of finance, shareholder analysis, and corporate governance have been presented in brief. In the second chapter, the systematic and unsystematic risks associated with Vodafone and... The first chapter deals with the background information about the company whereby their corporate objectives, details about finance division, sources of finance, shareholder analysis, and corporate governance have been presented in brief. In the second chapter, the systematic and unsystematic risks associated with Vodafone and the global telecommunications industry as whole. The risk reports have been taken from Ernst and Young's assessment of global telecommunications industry risks, Deloitte's report on Vodafone's risks (published on the website of Vodafone) and the 2008 annual report of Vodafone. In the third chapter, the Capital Structure of Vodafone and have compared the same with old theories that have been accepted by accounting community largely. The Debt to Equity ratio of Vodafone is compared with similar companies in the telecommunications industry and the results are analyzed. The last part of this chapter deals with application of dividend payment theories in these companies. In the fourth chapter, the empirical theories of Working Capital management of firms and the usage of Money Markets has been presented with the help of literature review. Thereafter, the working capital management of Vodafone and their usage of money market instruments have been analyzed.

Becoming A Reflective Supervisor And Counsellor Nursing Essay

Becoming A Reflective Supervisor And Counsellor Nursing Essay This essay is a reflective journey into the process of supervision. What supervision actually entails and how to use the process to begin the life mission of becoming a professional counsellor. What it means to become a truly self-reflective practitioner who is mindful and open to learning about ones self in addition to continuing the process of deepening the theoretical knowledge of which supervision can be ones most useful tool. First and foremost being a student counsellor in the mode of Peron-Centred counselling, the key component would have to relate to first taking a personal journey of discovery through reflection to become aware of self in the process of actualisation. Corey (2009) cites Rogers who believed that people where essentially an expert on their own lives and that if the therapist was to become a conduit for empathy, respect, and authenticity, then they too would benefit from experiencing self through the process of reflection and exploration. Only then could the therapist model the behaviour for which the client could perceive possible for themselves. Corey (2009) also cites Broadley as describing actualizing tendency as a directional process of striving towards realisation, fulfilment, autonomy, self-determination, and perfection (p169). For me self-reflection and exploration is the only way to realise self actualisation, for without having an internal conversation how would one expect to g row as an individual let alone as a counsellor. In addition, as a student a vital tool in self-reflection is the process of supervision, through which the sharing of experiences gained through placement can be an opening to not only improving the use of skills, but additionally a tool to develop mindfulness, and self-awareness. Since starting my volunteering I have applied these concepts to the best of my abilities, and through daily reflection I have been able to recognise the learning goals that I would like to focus on during my first placement. When asked to summarise my learning goals I then had to consider theoretically how learning goals can aid the student to not only reflect on their needs and experiences, but also to refine what a professional counsellor requires to develop and progress. Cleak and Wilson (2004) who cite Rogers and Langevin as suggesting that a learning agreement contain elements of being, knowing, doing and thinking in order to make the most of the placement and the supervisory experience. Cleak and Wilson (2004) also suggest that there are seven core learning areas which can be incorporated into the learning contract. Such as, values and ethics, processes combined with skills and relationships, how to use knowledge, self-learning and professional development, understanding the organisational context, awareness of the necessity for research, and finally acknowledging social policy within the placement experience. Learning goals are also important from the supervisors perspective as Brockbank and McGil l (2007) discuss awareness of the supervision relationship can benefit both the supervisee and the supervisor when learning goals are clearly defined and aid supervision to function as a supportive and productive process. This also includes the supervisee being aware of their learning styles for example whether learning has a preference towards perhaps cognitive rather than experiential. I therefore summarise the key learning goals I have identified for my first placement experience as follows. My learning goals begin with honing my use of the core counselling skills of active listening, accurate empathic reflection, authenticity, and presence, through the process of feedback and reflection. Secondly I have identified that I need to work on the appropriate use of rapport and the use of disclosure, through understanding how to establish boundaries and use deflecting techniques when the issue of inappropriate disclosure is exhibited. Third I feel that understanding how the organisatio nal procedures such as keeping confidential client notes functions around my responsibility to upkeep the records to meet my ethical requirements. This is also a process of learning to work within the organisational teams that work in a paradox of isolation and conjunction, to bring together the experience and knowledge of administration, support staff, nurses, other professionals including my department of pastoral care and counselling. Fourth is the learning involved with bringing art and music into the person-centred style of counselling I have been taught to use. This includes bringing in the theoretical knowledge of my supervisors to help facilitate a deeper understanding of combining skills and theories. Finally to bring it all together is the practice and development of self-reflection and self-awareness including being mindful. This final task is probably the most important of all since it requires me to open myself to self-reflection in addition to positive and negative fee dback from my clients, my colleagues, and both of my supervisors. Here is where keeping a personal journal of my inner journey through placement is of vital importance if I am serious about being in the process of self actualising and developing as a professional counsellor. Self reflection is possibly the most important process of awaking awareness and aiding the development of a counsellor who is confident, centred, ethical, and professional. Developing self awareness and mindfulness through self reflection should not be underestimated due to the fact that an open relationship with ones self is conceivably the preeminent way to grow not only as an individual, but also as a counsellor. During my placement as well as for the entirety of my professional life the reflective practices I intend to use include daily self-reflection daily and consciously practicing mindfulness. Germer (2005) suggests being mindful is usually not a common reality in our thinking processes, as being mindful takes practice to comfortably stay present and focused on the mome nt. Mindfulness as Germer reminds us is a Buddhist concept dating back some two thousand years, which Buddhists term sati that translates as awareness, attention and remembering. Germer (2005) also cites Hanh as describing mindfulness as an in the moment awareness of our consciousness processing everything that is happening around us, to us and between us, a being focused on the here and now and totally present. Germer (2005) also suggests that one can learn and develop mindfulness through meditation, relaxation and practice of focusing and clearing ones mind. Through mindfulness the process of self-reflection can truly begin especially with the aid of meditation allowing one to focus on the difference between emotion, thoughts and feelings, as well as perceptions in order to replay experiences and perceive self in action. Fook and Gardner (2007) suggest reflection is a process whereby the student identifies how their sense of self plays out through the window of personal perception s, with particular emphasis on how emotions influence decisions. Realising the difference in how relationships play out against theoretical knowledge, and recognising how self can get in the way, begins the process of being able to differentiate between the needs of the student and the needs of the client. These realisations also contain an understanding that becoming a professional means accepting that often what happens in real life counselling is unpredictable, and that that is okay. In addition to journaling I intend to religiously maintain my daily debriefing with my organisational supervisor to constantly balance my perceptions of client interactions both emotional and intellectual. Furthermore feedback from my clinical supervisor will be essential in determining how to interpret my reflective journal in a process that can focus self actualising. Orchowski, Evangelista, Probst (2010) discuss how supervision can be a process of understanding how reflection can impart an unders tanding to enable a safe client student relationship. In addition self reflection enhances ones ability to activate mindfulness when in session with a client, as well as in the process of supervision. Self awareness, reflection and being mindful are all fundamental thought processes that help guard against unethical decision making, and establish a way of ensuring safety for both the therapist and the client. Orchowski, Evangelista, Probst further discuss how reflection can be part of the contract between supervisor and supervisee bring about an openness to the process of revisiting the client experience for the supervisee, and exploring what came up emotionally for the supervisee. Which brings up the importance of supervision in the reflection process as I have discovered already, without a supervisor to clarify perceptions lack of confidence and inexperience could easily lead to an unproductive negative interpretation. After spending the last eleven weeks as a volunteer and really having begun the process of placement, I can truly see the importance of supervision in the process of reflection. During the time spent within the organisation I have begun the process of building a relationship with my placement supervisor, with whom I confer about my use of skills, how my clients are reacting, in addition to drawing on her wealth of professional knowledge, and her years of client contact and their histories. Each day contains a component where we debrief and self-care around how to maintain boundaries and identify where emotions can blur person perception, particularly considering that when working in aged care where clients often die or experience the process of illness or severe loss. Jochen (2008) talks about how supervisees often begin the learning process of supervision by being wrapped up in the clients story, and emotions. However, as time and self awareness of the process begin a process of understanding and acknowledging that even though the clients story may be as confronting as severe illness which may bring imminent death, the counsellors role is to support and empathise not attach personal meaning to the emotional content being presented. Hawkins and Shohet (2007) discuss that the use of supervision become a fundamental tool that any counsellor or health professional makes use of regularly, to aid in the understanding ones emotional configuration regarding professional progress and maintenance. Hawkins and Shohet also suggest that supervision is a necessity in the helping professions, to ensure client safety is always upheld, through the constant self-reflection that supervision aims to provide the practicing counsellor. Considering that supervision is going to play an important role not only during placement but feasibly for the entirety of my counselling career, it would be prudent to consider what challenges supervision may bring. First and foremost is overcoming the fear of being vulnerable and exposed to criticism, in addition to having personal values and beliefs put under scrutiny, not to mention experiencing another professional judge your ability to effectively master the basic counselling skills, all on top of exposing your self-reflective thoughts and emotions to for all purposes an external voice of conscious. Tjeltveit and Gottlieb (2010) discuss the ethical role vulnerability and resilience play in keeping the therapist safe, in particular the student. Our vulnerabilities can expose themselves in our unconscious reactions through our values, beliefs, cultural identities, even habits and emotions that even with awareness impart unethical decisions or actions. Tjeltveit and Gottlieb go on to argue that resilience is strengthened by the student becoming aware of their vulnerabilities, addressing emotional issues, and becoming open to parts of their personality which could influence unethical decisions. These issues of interpersonal and intrapersonal interactions are so important we can often overlook procedural problems and challenges that can also occur that could in fact hinder completion of the placement in academic terms. For example I discovered that my placement supervisor would not meet the clinical requirements that ACAP (2010) base their requirements upon. Acap (2010) have recommended that if a student wishes to be able to join The Counselling and Psychotherapists Association of NSW Inc [CAPA] (2009) one must have clinical supervision that complies with CAPAs training standards, which state that the clinical supervisor must have completed at least seven hundred and fifty hours of personal supervision post training. In addition they must also meet the Psychot herapy Counselling Federation of Australia [PACFA] (2009) requirements stated in article 4.3.1, that a supervisors credentials are to be of a level beyond basic counselling and include eligibility to be a clinical member of a counselling association for at least three years (p7). Therefore after having succeeded in acquiring a clinical supervisor I now have to apply the above mentioned challenges in two different scenarios, with two different people, in two different organisations. To conclude I believe the importance of self-reflection cannot be expressed too often, to widely, or too deeply. The concept of supervision

The Awakening: Romanticism, Realism, and Local Color Essay -- Chopin

The Awakening:   Romanticism, Realism, and Local Color  Ã‚  Ã‚      Imagine being far out into the middle of the ocean and at that moment, having to make a choice between judgment and individuality, death and life? In 1899, Kate Chopin composed a captivating novel titled The Awakening. Throughout Chopin's day, the work was regarded as nonsense and a waste of time on her part. Critics found the main character's rebellion to be foolish and unlawful. At that age, it was believed firmly that women should be nothing less than completely loyal to their husbands and should joyfully care for any children that they had while their spouse was away, hard at work. Edna, the central character, did not follow this standard. She says specifically that she would not give-up herself for her children. She is not one known to submit to her husband's every whim. Chopin brought Romanticism into play in a realistic setting with this individual. To these literary devices, she blends local color.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By manipulating Romanticism, Kate Chopin stretches one's imagination and startles one's mind. Romanticism is both a literary and an artistic movement. It took place in the eighteenth and nineteenth century during which people expressed freedom and individuality and emotions in their works. Chopin shows Mrs. Pontellier's display of freedom and individuality when Edna refuses to go in when her husband Leonce tells her to do so; rather, she stays out on the hammock and tells him to proceed inside without her. Romantics also loved exotic places and chose to display a character that follows his or her own heart. Chopin demonstrates this in her work when Edna realizes th... ...because Tuesday night social calls were a pastime, Realism because Leonce believed that Edna should put herself on hold every Tuesday night for company, and Romanticism because she chose not to stay.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kate Chopin is now considered a wonderful author for the same piece that was once prohibited. People realize that she was just before her time. She blended a Romanticism which is now common to out time with a Realism that was true to her time. She enhanced it with a mà ©lange of Local Color into her setting to give a full outlook of Edna Pontellier's world. Seeing everything that she has to go through, which option should be chosen? Would it be   better to live without freedom of individuality or die trying to get it? With all of the pressures that prevailed over Edna, she chose death.

Indian Auto Industry

The Indian Mid-Segment Passenger Car Industry Nitin Gupta* and Vaibhav Shekhar** The Indian automobile industry is one of the fastest growing automobile industries in the world. The low penetration level of cars in India coupled with rise in the disposable income of its working population has made it an attractive destination for global automobile manufacturers. This case deals with the mid-size car segment of the passenger car industry in India. In 2009-10, this segment accounted for approximately 12. % of the total passenger cars manufactured in India and its Year-on-year (YoY) growth rate was approximately 15%. The major players in this segment include Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai Motors India, Ford India, General Motors India, Honda Siel India, Mahindra-Renault and Hindustan Motors. In addition to the existing players, various new players like Volkswagen, Nissan, Fiat, etc. , have either already entered in this segment or are about to enter. The case highlights various iss ues being faced by current as well as new entrants in this segment. The case provides exhaustive contemporary data on the mid-size car segment of the passenger car industry in India. Analysis of the case can be done using Porter’s five forces model. Many people buy compact cars today because they do not have the money to buy a sedan. So there is a high aspirational value attached to mid-size cars and newer cars at lower prices will only make more people think of buying them. – Pradeep Saxena, Head of the Auto Research Division at Consultancy Firm TNS1 Introduction Automobile Industry is considered to be one of the key sectors of any economy; it is capable of being the driver of economic growth because of both its backward as well as forward linkages with other sectors of the economy. According to the Automotive Mission Plan (2006-16), India is one of the fastest growing automobile industries in the world. The sector’s share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rose from 2. 8% in fiscal year 1992-93 (April 1992-March 1993) to 5% in fiscal year 2005-06 2 and it has been rising every year since then. In the year 2009-10, Indian automobile industry produced more than 2 million passenger cars and more than 0. 5 million commercial vehicles. 3 According to the Eleventh Five Year Plan4 (2007-12), after liberalization in 1991, Indian * ** 1 2 3 4 Assistant Professor, IBS, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. E-mail: prof. [email  protected] com Research Scholar, IBS, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. E-mail: vaibhav. [email  protected] com http://timesofindia. indiatimes. com/articleshow/2888603. cms http://www. oppapers. om/essays/India-Automobile-Industry/155618 Society for Indian Automobile manufacturers, available at http://www. siamindia. com/upload/AMP . pdf Report by the Working Group on Automotive Industry, Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12), Department of Heavy Industries, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, India (August 2006). The IUP Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. VII, No. 3, 2010  © 2010 IUP All Rights Reserved. . 60 Automotive Industry had registere d a spectacular growth of 17% during five fiscal years ranging between 2000-01 and 2005-06. Till 2002-03, it had achieved an investment of INR6 50,000 cr (US$10. 99 bn7) which went up to INR 80,000 cr in 2007 (US$17. 58 bn8) with a turnover of INR 165,000 cr (US$36. 26 bn). Moreover, an investment worth INR 35,000 cr (US$7. 69 bn) was in the pipeline. 9 According to the Annual Report (2007-08) of Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Government of India, India is the second largest two-wheeler manufacturer in the world, fifth largest commercial vehicle manufacturer in the world, largest manufacturer of tractors in the world and fourth largest passenger car market in Asia. This achievement of the Indian automotive industry could be attributed to the Indian government’s decision to de-license the sector followed by up to 100% foreign direct investment through automatic route which enabled the industry to embark on a new journey since 1991. The above initiatives resulted in setting up of manufacturing facilities by major global players. It resulted in the massive enhancement of the production level of automobiles (which included passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, two wheelers and three heelers) from 2 million in 1991 to 11. 17 million vehicles in 2008-09. 10 The above measures taken by the Indian Government made India the new launch pad for global car manufacturers like Honda, Ford, Hyundai, General Motors, etc. Rising level of income of the Indians, availability of easy credit facility, relaxations in regulations by the Indian government in terms of import tariffs and equity regulations could be attributed as major reasons for this upsurge. The case concentrates on the mid-size car segment in India. It analyzes the reasons for the growth of this segment and the contemporary growth trends that it shows. The important issues that the case raises are: How is the impact of various external factors shaping this segment and what would be the future of this segment? Mid-Size Car Segment in India A mid-sized car11 is referred to as an automobile whose size lay between a small-sized car (Mini and Compact) and a full-sized car (Premium and Luxury). 12 It is generally priced between INR 3 lakh13 (US$6,953. 41) and INR 8 lakh (US$17,582. 2) with a carrying capacity of 4 passengers (2 adults and 2 children). The major players in this segment include Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai Motors India, Ford India, General Motors India, Honda Siel India, Mahindra-Renault and Hindustan Motors (HM). Between the financial years, 2004-05 and 2009-10, the production of passenger vehicles in India rose from 1,027,858 units to 2,078,392 units, a phenomenal rise of more than 100% in production in just fi ve years. But during the same time period (2004-05 to 2009-10), the 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 Indian Automotive Industry includes Automobile Industry and Auto Component Industry. INR = Indian Rupee. Exchange Rate: 1 US$ = INR 45. 50 (applicable as on March 20, 2010). Figures of 2007 has been taken from Annual Report 2007-08, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Government of India. Figures as on 2006-07. Source: Annual Report 2007-08, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Government of India. http://www. ibef. org/industry/automobiles. spx Refer to Appendix for details on classification of passenger cars. http://auto. indiamart. com/cars/mid-size-cars. html 1 lakh = A Hundred Thousand. 61 The Indian Mid-Segment Passenger Car Industry production of the mid-size cars could not keep pace with the massive increase in the passenger vehicles in India and it increased by just 40. 5% (see to Table 1). As a result, the share of mid-size cars with respect to the total passenger vehicles produced dropped from more than 18% in 2004-05 to less than 13% in 2009-10 (see Table 2). Table 1: Total Production of Passenger Vehicles in India Indicator Total Production Total Mini Cars Production Total Compact Cars Production Total Mid-Size Cars Production Total Executive Cars Production Total Premium Cars Production Total Luxury Cars Production MUVs Production Figures in Units 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 1,027,858 1,112,794 1,322,739 127,175 614,137 187,345 26,673 5,017 140 67,371 98,047 714,985 200,019 27,660 5,333 89 66,661 99,400 881,665 212,763 39,478 4,477 249 84,707 ,531,545 1,619,095 2,078,392 81,179 245,972 44,166 5,745 525 105,333 62,323 229,239 33,526 7,527 543 102,128 69,195 263,352 42,293 9,092 375 151,908 1,048,625 1,183,809 1,542,177 Source: Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy: Industry Analysis Services Database Table 2: Segment-Wise Share in Production of Passenger Vehicles in India Indicator Total Mini Cars Production Total Compact Cars Production Total Mid-Size Cars Production Total Executive Cars Production Total Premium Ca rs Production Total Luxury Cars Production MUVs Production Figures in Percentages 2004-05 12. 7 59. 75 18. 23 2. 60 0. 49 0. 01 6. 55 2005-06 8. 81 64. 25 17. 97 2. 49 0. 48 0. 01 5. 99 2006-07 7. 51 66. 65 16. 09 2. 98 0. 34 0. 02 6. 40 2007-08 5. 30 68. 47 16. 06 2. 88 0. 38 0. 03 6. 88 2008-09 3. 85 73. 12 14. 16 2. 07 0. 46 0. 03 6. 31 2009-10 3. 33 74. 20 12. 67 2. 03 0. 44 0. 02 7. 31 Source: Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy: Industry Analysis Services Database A sign of growing economy in India is that since 2004-05 the sale of passenger vehicles always exceeded the production of passenger vehicles (except in the year 2007-08) (refer to Tables 1 and 3). Between 2004-05 and 2009-10, the sale of passenger vehicles also showed phenomenal growth of more than 100% (refer to Table 3). Of the total vehicles sold between 2004-05 and 2009-10, the share of mid-size cars dropped from just less than 20% to just over 14% (refer to Table 4). These trends have begun to cause substantial worry among the producers of the mid-size cars and they have started to explore the factors that are influencing such a trend. 62 The IUP Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. VII, No. 3, 2010 Table 3: Total Sales of Passenger Vehicles in India Indicator Total Car Sales Total Mini Car Sales Total Compact Cars Sales Total Mid-Size Cars Sales Total Executive Cars Sales Total Premium Cars Sales Total Luxury Cars Sales MUV Figures in Units 2004-05 1,047,109 124,447 617,837 206,888 25,646 5,876 155 66,260 2005-06 1,119,657 1,00,422 7,00,046 217,849 27,529 6,261 91 67,459 2006-07 1,353,574 96,103 890,504 235,355 40,964 5,978 249 84,421 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 1,516,716 1,659,777 2,120,366 87,003 249,152 42,195 6,209 862 101,871 63,992 271,662 33,641 9,042 1,093 107,767 69,004 299,175 46,686 11,455 1,265 151,869 1,029,424 1,172,580 1,540,912 Source: Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy: Industry Analysis Services Database Table 4: Segment-Wise Share in Sales of Passenger Vehicles in India Indicator 2004-05 Total Mini Car Sales Total Compact Cars Sales Total Mid-Size Cars Sales Total Executive Cars Sales Total Premium Cars Sales Total Luxury Cars Sales MUV 11. 88 59. 00 19. 76 2. 45 0. 56 0. 01 6. 33 2005-06 8. 97 62. 52 19. 46 2. 46 0. 56 0. 01 6. 02 Figures in Percentages 2006-07 7. 10 65. 79 17. 39 3. 03 0. 44 0. 02 6. 24 2007-08 5. 74 67. 87 16. 43 2. 78 0. 41 0. 6 6. 72 2008-09 3. 86 70. 65 16. 37 2. 03 0. 54 0. 07 6. 49 2009-10 3. 25 72. 67 14. 11 2. 20 0. 54 0. 06 7. 16 Source: Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy: Industry Analysis Services Database The major players in the mid-size segment of the passenger car industry in India has seen lot of upheaval between 2004-05 and 2009-10. As far as production figures, in 2004-05 are concerned, Tata Motors emerged as the market leader with the production of 41,103 u nits. It was closely followed by Honda Siel, Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai Motors. But, by 2009-10, Tata Motors not only lost its leadership position, it was nowhere near the top three players as far as the production of mid-size segment passenger cars in India were concerned. With the production of 99, 877 units or nearly 38% of the total mid-size cars produced in India, Maruti Suzuki had taken over the market leader’s position in this segment. It was followed by Hyundai Motors and Honda Siel (refer to Tables 5 and 6). Sales figures of mid-size segment passenger cars showed a completely different scenario from what was seen at the production front. In 2004-05, Ford India was the market leader with sales of 47,431 units, which translated into a market share of nearly 23%. It was The Indian Mid-Segment Passenger Car Industry 63 Table 5: Company-Wise Production of Mid-Size Cars in India Indicator Ford India Pvt. Ltd. Production Mid-Size Cars (4001-4500 mm): General Motors India Pvt. Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Hindustan Motors Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Hyundai Motor India Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Maruti Suzuki Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Tata Motors Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Mahindra Renault Pvt. Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Figures in Units 2004-05 25596 11036 14371 33036 30712 31491 41103 NA 2005-06 25294 4202 14909 37924 42288 31062 44247 NA 2006-07 39431 10337 12456 40147 41071 30465 37625 580 2007-08 33139 5574 10797 41901 47040 50596 30272 26653 2008-09 22439 2858 6940 36840 58873 73928 12957 14404 2009-10 28062 3832 9063 45980 46741 99877 23572 6225 Source: Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy: Industry Analysis Services Database Table 6: Company-Wise Share in Production of Mid-Size Cars in India Indicator Ford India Pvt. Ltd. Production Mid-size cars (4001-4500 mm): General Motors India Pvt. Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Hindustan Motors Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Hyundai Motor India Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Maruti Suzuki Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Tata Motors Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Mahindra Renault Pvt. Ltd. Production (Mid-Size Cars) Figures in Percentages 2004-05 13. 66 5. 89 7. 67 17. 63 16. 39 16. 81 21. 94 NA 2005-06 12. 65 2. 10 7. 45 18. 96 21. 14 15. 53 22. 12 NA 2006-07 18. 54 4. 86 5. 86 18. 88 19. 31 14. 33 17. 69 0. 27 2007-08 13. 47 2. 27 4. 39 17. 03 19. 12 20. 57 12. 31 10. 84 2008-09 9. 79 1. 25 3. 03 16. 07 25. 8 32. 25 5. 65 6. 28 2009-10 10. 66 1. 46 3. 44 17. 46 17. 75 37. 93 8. 95 2. 36 Source: Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy: Industry Analysis Services Database 64 The IUP Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. VII, No. 3, 2010 followed by Tata Motors, which had a market share of 19. 5%. Honda Siel was at the third position with market share of around 16%. Just five yea rs down the line, in 2009-10, Maruti Suzuki took the coveted position of the market leader with market share of more than 33%. Tata Motors continued to enjoy the second position (market share = 19. 23%), followed by Hyundai Motors (Market Share = 16. 2%) (refer to Tables 7 and 8). Ford India tumbled from the first spot in 2004-05 to the fifth spot in just five years. This shows the increasingly dynamic nature of the mid-size segment of the passenger car industry in India. Table 7: Company-Wise Sales of Mid-Size Cars in India Indicator Ford India Pvt. Ltd. Sales Mid-Size Cars (4001-4500 mm): General Motors India Pvt. Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Hindustan Motors Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Hyundai Motor India Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Maruti Suzuki Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Tata Motors Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Mahindra Renault Pvt. Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Figures in Units 2004-05 47,431 10,650 14,609 32,767 29,828 29,702 40,454 na 2005-06 43,154 4,710 14,893 37,586 41,683 32,006 43,363 na 2006-07 62,808 10,726 12,334 40,489 39,003 29,781 39,462 0 2007-08 31,569 5624 11,005 40,550 48,171 49,402 36,859 25,891 2008-09 23,927 3,010 7,098 38,284 56,538 76,039 51,732 15,034 2009-10 28,004 3,874 9,039 45,082 49,412 99,854 57,532 6,332 Source: Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy: Industry Analysis Services Database What is interesting to note is that just eight players are active in this segment, though the intense rivalry is limited to the top four or five players only. More and more international players like Volkswagen, Renault (without Mahindra and Mahindra (M&M)), Skoda and Fiat are introducing their products in this segment. This indicates a further increase in the intensity of the competition among the existing and the new players in the near future. To survive in such a highly competitive scenario, the existing players in the mid-size passenger cars segment will be forced to invest a considerable portion of their sales in research and development in order to produce new and better variants. This will be greatly beneficial for the Indian consumers. Indian Passenger Car Industry – An Attractive Destination According to the Indian Commerce Minister Kamal Nath, India is an attractive destination for global automobile manufacturers despite not having any specific trade The Indian Mid-Segment Passenger Car Industry 65 Table 8: Company-Wise Share in Sales of Mid-Size Cars in India Indicator Ford India Pvt. Ltd. Sales Mid-Size Cars (4001-4500 mm): General Motors India Pvt. Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Hindustan Motors Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Hyundai Motor India Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Maruti Suzuki Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Tata Motors Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Mahindra Renault Pvt. Ltd. Sales (Mid-Size Cars) Figures in Units 2004-05 22. 93 5. 15 7. 06 15. 84 14. 42 14. 36 19. 55 NA 2005-06 19. 81 2. 16 6. 84 17. 25 19. 13 14. 69 19. 91 NA 2006-07 26. 70 4. 56 5. 24 17. 21 16. 58 12. 66 16. 78 0 2007-08 12. 67 2. 26 4. 42 16. 28 19. 33 19. 83 14. 79 10. 39 2008-09 8. 81 1. 11 2. 61 14. 09 20. 81 27. 9 19. 04 5. 53 2009-10 9. 36 1. 29 3. 02 15. 07 16. 52 33. 38 19. 23 2. 12 Source: Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy: Industry Analysis Services Database agreements in this regard. 14 This is because there is an extremely low penetration level of cars in India (7 cars per thousand). 15 In addition, majority of the Indian population consists of youth having a median age of approximately 25 years16 and the population that fell in the working age g roup is 58% (approximately) which is estimated to increase to around 60% in the future. 7 This indicates an increase in the disposable income, which is likely to raise the penetration level of cars in India (as is evident from the current trend in the passenger car production and sales in India). These developments have made India an attractive destination for the global automobile companies. Auto majors18 like Ford, Honda, Hyundai, etc. , have not only entered into the mid-size segment of the Indian Passenger car industry but has also set up their manufacturing base in India. India’s liberal policy in terms of regulation has lowered the entry barriers for new entrants in the mid-segment of the passenger car industry. This has induced severe competition marked by high aspirations and new launches by existing players like M&M, which in tie up with French car manufacturer Renault has launched Logan. Since this offering is not doing very well in the Indian market, Renault has decided to introduce new model of cars in India on its own, without any partner. Ford India is 14 15 16 17 18 http://www. surfindia. com/automobile/industry-investment. html Auto Motive Mission Plan (ibid). https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in. html#People http://populationcommission. nic. in/facts1. tm (Here the working age is considered between 15 years to 60 years), Figures as in 2001. Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy: Industry Analysis Services Database. The IUP Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. VII, No. 3, 2010 66 targeting to improve its position through aggressive marketing and by increasing its investment in manufacturing. 19 Moreover the existing players like Tata Motors, Maruti and Fiat are also planning to launch new models in this segment. 20 Intensifying the competition, Fiat India has launched Linea and Grand Punto in the Indian mid-size car segment. The Indian Customers A study on Indian consumers, conducted by Mckinsey Global Institute, 21 discusses the income level of the Indian consumers with the growth in the Indian economy. The report predicts that if India’s growth continues unabated, then the rise of over 291 million people over desperate poverty line by 2025, will make it the fifth largest consumer market in the world. 22 Moreover, the reports forecast a massive rise in the number of Indian middle-class to 583 mn by 2025. The report also discusses a rise in the average household disposable income from INR 113,744 (US$2,499. 7) in 2005 to INR 318,896 (US$7008. 70) by 2025. These results indicates a rise in the consumption level of the Indian consumers and shift in the consumption pattern from necessities towards discretionary consumption which include expenditure on transportation in the form of passenger cars. The findings of the report also reveal a change in spending habits of the rich urban households which con verges with that of their counterparts in developed countries and their priority expenditure includes purchase of branded apparels, foreign vacations and purchase of passenger cars. Other reasons (apart from economic growth) cited by the report include availability of easy consumer financing, tendency of the people to rely more on their personal vehicles and reduction in the prices of the passenger cars. Population commission report indicates that majority of the Indian population consists of youth with increasing disposable income. 23 According to the findings of CSMM-BW Customer Survey 2006-07, Indian consumers are discerning and are of highly demanding nature, which make them a tough nut to crack for the marketers. 4 The survey measures the attitude of the Indian customers towards various companies using two key dimensions viz. Customer Experience (how the customers rate the firm’s performance) and Customer Loyalty (extent of customer’s goodwill a firm enjoys) covering 16 products and services. The results of the survey reveal the rising expectations of the Indian consumers which the marketers are finding difficult to meet on a consistent basis. The above result is attributed to the churn that has taken place post liberalization in the Indian economy. 19 20 21 22 23 24 http://www. hinduonnet. om/businessline/2000/06/24/stories/192402fr. htm http://auto. indiamart. com/cars/mid-size-cars. html www. scribd. com/doc/47945/McKinsey-MGI-india-consumer-full-report Desperate poverty has been defined in the study as people with an annual income of less than INR 90,000 (US$1850. 33). Source: http://populationcommission. nic. in/facts1. htm (Here the working age is considered between 15 years to 60 years), Figures as in 2001. Customer Satisfaction Management and Measurement (CSMM) A Specialized Unit of Market Research Firm IMRB International (BW – Business World): Marketing White Book 2001-08). 7 The Indian Mid-Segment Passenger Car Industry The report also discusses about the availability of new and better choices for Indian consumers due to opening up of the Indian economy post liberalization. This development, according to the report, coupled with increase in their income level is the major reason for the rise in consumer expectations about various products and services that they purchased. The inability of the marketers to meet their customers’ expectations and the availability of newer and better alternatives could be seen as one of the ajor reasons for the decline in consumer loyalty towards various players operating in the market. Rising disposable income of the working population and increase in the number of car models introduced by different companies operating in India, has increased the array of choice for the Indian consumers. With new players entering into the lucrative Indian domestic market and with the current players introducing new models in different segments, the bargaining power of the Indian customers is increasing. This has resulted in a decline in consumer loyalty towards a particular player. In order to compete in the Indian market, car-makers need to manufacture and sell products that carry the highest customer value. To achieve this goal, they need to provide European-quality cars at Asian prices. Price is cosidered as the crucial selling point in the market. 25 However, rise in the purchasing power of the Indians, increasing competition in the Indian market, stress on driving comfort and life-cycle costs (especially costs related to fuel) are also becoming important factors for potential car buyers in India. The Indian Auto Component Industry The Indian auto component industry, apart from IT industry, is believed to have the potential to be globally competitive. Robust growth in the Indian automobile industry seems to have triggered an upsurge in the Indian auto component industry. The Indian automotive component industry supports the automobile manufacturers by supplying them with automobile parts like engine parts, electrical parts, brakes, steel equipments, etc. It is characterized by the presence of around 500 organized manufacturers and 1,000 unorganized manufacturers. 6 Similar to the passenger car industry, the Indian auto component industry too has witnessed a robust growth between 1995 and 2005, which has made it one of the fastest growing industries in India having achieved a growth rate of 28% during the period ranging between 1995-98, 24% in 2003, 16% in 2004 and 15% in 2005. 27 This trend is expected to continue in the future as well. The Automotive Mission Plan (2006-16) reports that the turnover achieved by Indian auto-component industry would be over US$14 bn in 2005-06 and US$16 bn in the financial year 2006-07. 8 The supreme capability of Indian auto manufacturers is evident, from the launch of indigenized passenger vehicles like Tata Indica, Tata Nano, Mahindra Scorpio, etc. , by various Indian automobile players. Moreover, global auto majors like Ford 25 26 27 28 Source: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0KJI/is_3_118/ai_n16118939 Report by the working group on Automotive Industry, Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012), Department of Heavy Industries, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, India (August 2006). According to ACMA – Mckinsey Vision 2015, the industry has reported a growth rate of 20% between 2000-05. According to ACMA – Mckinsey Vision 2015. The IUP Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. VII, No. 3, 2010 68 Motors, Honda Siel, Hyundai Motors, etc. , are also setting up their manufacturing base in India. They are leveraging the support of high quality auto component supplier’s base in India in order to reduce their cost of production. 9 The presence of high quality component suppliers is one of the major reasons for global majors for setting up manufacturing facilities and make India their export hub. The potential for the Indian auto component industry, according to The ACMAMcKinsey Vision 2015 document is estimated to be US$40-45 bn by 2015. 30 India’s auto component industry had the capability to manufacture the entire range of autocomponents, such as engine parts, drive, transmission parts, suspension and braking parts, electrical parts, body and ch assis parts, with engine parts making nearly a third of all exports. Therefore, the contribution made by exports is likely to play a significant role in achieving the aforesaid potential, which is evident from the fact that the industry achieved growth rate (in exports) of 25% during 2000-05 and is expected to grow at 34% during the following decade. 31 Availability of a Wide Array of Choices for the Indian Customers Compact cars have emerged as a dominant player (refer to Table 4) in the Indian passenger car industry controlling more than 60% of the units sold in the last five years. 32 The sales of the small car (particularly compact size cars) in India has exceeded the sales of cars in any other segment. So the biggest threat in terms of substitutes for the mid-sized cars is the small cars especially the compact size cars. With the coming of Tata Nano, which is priced at about US$2500-US$2800 per unit, the threat from the small cars was expected to be further magnified. The booming market of passenger cars in India was facing threat from a multitude of factors, one of them being the Multi-Utility Vehicles (MUVs) (refer to Table 9). The MUVs, as the name suggests, are the vehicles with multi-usage capabilities. Popular especially with the large families, the concept of a MUV no doubt has many takers Table 9: Increase in Sales of MUVs Between 2004-05 and 2009-10 Years Total Units of MUVs Sold Percentage Increase 2004-05 180,865 – 2005-06 198,991 10. 02 2006-07 224,705 12. 92 2007-08 251,567 11. 95 2008-09 228,655 –9. 11 2009-10 275,556 20. 51 Source: Center for Monitoring of Indian Economy: Industry Analysis Services Database 29 30 31 32 Ford India awarded Q1supplier status to 10 suppliers to help them export their products to Ford worldwide. Reported by a report on Indian automotive industry by Indian Brand Equity Foundation- http://www. ibef. org/ download/Automotive_sectoral. pdf) http://www. ibef. org/industry/autocomponents. aspx According to ACMA-McKinsey vision 2015, exports by auto components manufacturers are expected to contribute 50% of their growth (http://www. ibef. org/industry/autocomponents. aspx) Compact cars and mini cars have been taken together and are consi dered to be part of small cars. 69 The Indian Mid-Segment Passenger Car Industry in India. All the leading automobile players in India, including the indigenous ones such as the Tata Motors, HM, M&M as well as the foreign ones are expanding their presence in the MUV segment of the Indian automobile market. MUVs with their multi-usage potentiality has been able to gain immense popularity in India. In the recent years many of the automobile companies have engrossed themselves in the manufacturing of MUVs, eying the huge potential market in India and abroad. Automobile firms such as the likes of Maruti Udyog, Tata Motors, M&M and HM have come up with some of the finest models of MUV. HM, one of the oldest auto makers in India, has launched MUVs like Pajero, Pushpak, and Trekker, in the Indian market, with technical collaboration with foreign automakers. 33 The first two could not make substantial headway in the markets while the Trekker is getting some semblance of popularity in the rural pockets of the country. M&M too has come up with a range of MUVs like Mahindra Voyager, Mahindra Hard Top Range, Mahindra CL Range and variants of Mahindra MM Range comprised the MUVs from the M&M stable. Mahindra Scorpio, an SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) that had been conceptualized and designed by automotive division of M&M, has been quite successful not only in India but also in other countries like Russia, France, Spain, and Portugal. 34 This success could be attributed to its contemporary design and technology. An upgraded version of Scorpio known as ‘New Scorpio’ was launched with additional features. Tata Motors has also modified its versions of Tata Safari and Tata Sumo and has come up with its own range of MUVs. Chevrolet, Hyundai, Ford and Toyota, the foreign auto majors too have their own share of MUVs in the Indian MUV segment. Another threat to the passenger car market is that international car rental firms are making a beeline for the Indian shore with almost a dozen car rental brands expected to enter the market soon. 35 Several International players like Hertz, Europcar, Leaseplan and Avis among others have already established their presence in the country, while others like, Thrifty, Dollar, Enterprise and Vanguard’s brands like Almo and National among others are also said to be firming up their Indian plans. This sudden rush to India has been attributed to a slump in the US and European market. However, in spite of being US$2. 4 bn, car rental industry in India is highly unorganized. The market share of organized players in car rental industry is just 3%. 36 However, the industry, on the whole, has been seeing a buoyant growth of about 35-50% in the last two years (ibid). Public transport like buses and railways also form an important means of transportation in the Indian cities especially in t he urban areas. 37 Despite the growth in the number of private vehicle owners in middle income segments in the metro cities, a substantial number of commuters are still dependent on the public transport. Hundred 33 34 35 36 7 Source: http://auto. indiamart. com/hindustan-motors/ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mahindra_Scorpio Source: http://www. ibef. org/artdisplay. aspx? cat_id=60&art_id=16173 http://economictimes. indiatimes. com/News/News_By_Industry/Dozen_car_rental_brands_to_drive_into_India _soon/ articleshow/2225650. cms http://www. urban-age. net/10_cities/07_mumbai/_reflections/india_Tiwari. html The IUP Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. VII, No. 3, 2010 70 million out of 235 million people living in the Indian cities belong to lower income segment who cannot afford to own a private vehicle. Currently, many state governments have taken up various initiatives regarding improving the intra-city transportation by allowing private operators to run buses within the city, introducing new and better means of transportation like metro rail in Delhi, new buses, investment in road infrastructure like making new roads and widening of existing roads, etc. These initiatives, coupled with increase in the fuel prices, present a potential threat to the sales of the passenger cars. 38 The sales of luxury cars, though not significant in the current scenario, might pose a threat in the future. The average Indian is no longer satisfied with the normal automobile offerings, car enthusiasts wanted to feel precious and pampered and feel the need to enjoy a superior lifestyle. Perhaps these expectations are molding the new class of affluent Indians to possess top brand vehicles, regardless of their prices. In addition, the World Wealth Report 2005-06, published by Merrill Lynch and Capgemini, states that India recorded the world’s second fastest growth at 19. 3% in the number of high net-worth individuals in 2005. 39 Moreover, easy availability of credit financing40 has led to increased demand for bigger and better cars. Foreseeing the Indian market potential, major luxury automakers were setting up their offices in India to cater to the rich people’s fancy for trendy and luxurious cars. Mercedes and BMW have offered products at a starting price of INR 25-30 lakh (US$54,945-65,934), whereas the Maybach has lured the consumers to pay as much as INR 5 cr (US$1,098,901) to drive in the lap of luxury. Other motor giants like Volkswagen, Audi, Lamborghini, Rolls Royce Phantom, Bentley, and Porsche have already joined the luxury car revolution in India. Conclusion The mid-size passenger car segment is currently passing through a dynamic stage. Growth in the Indian middle-class and easy availability of credit coupled with new launches and attractive pricing by the players will ensure its availability and hence will facilitate the growth of this segment. However, what the future holds for it, only time can tell. ? 38 39 40 Figures as on November 2007. www. capgemini. com/industries/financial/solutions/wealth/wwr05_archive www. scribd. com/doc/47945/McKinsey-MGI-india-consumer-full-report 71 The Indian Mid-Segment Passenger Car Industry Appendix Classification of Passenger Cars41 Small Cars or Compact Cars Small cars are classified according to the price range which varies from 1 to 3 lakh. It has the capacity to carry 4 passengers—2 adults, 2 children. These are basically entry level cars which are preferred by service group and middle income group. These cars are manufactured by—Maruti Udyog, Tata Motors and Reva. While companies like Volkswagen, etc. , are yet to launch their models in the market. Mid-Size Cars A mid size car is an automobile with a size between that of compact and full size cars. The price range of mid-size cars is between Rs. to 8 lakh. The mid-size cars have the capacity to carry 4 passengers—2 adults and 2 children. The credit of manufacturing these cars goes to companies like—Fiat India, Ford, General Motors, Hindustan Motors, Hyundai Motors, Maruti Udyog, Tata Motors, etc. Executive Cars An Executive Car segment includes cars that lie between the mid-sized cars and premiu m cars in terms of price (range lies between Rs. 5 lakh to 10 lakh) and seating capacity. It includes cars from major manufacturers like Daimler Chrysler, Hindustan Motors, General Motors, Toyota Kirloskar, Skoda India, Hyundai Motors and BMW. Premium Cars Premium cars fall within the price range of Rs. 7 to 15 lakh. They have the capacity to carry 5 passengers. These cars mainly target higher income group. Premium cars were launched by Audi India, Ford Motors, General Motors, Honda Motors, Hyundai Motors, Skoda Auto, Mitsubishi and Toyota Motors. Luxury Cars Luxury cars are very expensive and their price range is above Rs. 20 lakh. These cars are preferred by the high income group. Luxury cars have the capacity to carry at the most 6 passengers. So far companies like BMW, Daimler Chrysler, Porsche, Rolls Royce, etc. , have introduced these cars in India. Reference # 33J-2010-09-04-01 41 www. auto. indiamart. com/cars (accessed on January 10, 2008). The IUP Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. VII, No. 3, 2010 72 Copyright of IUP Journal of Business Strategy is the property of IUP Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.